Which of the following password attacks uses preconfigured matrices of hashed dictionary words?

Brute force attacks are a type of password attack that uses preconfigured matrices of hashed dictionary words to guess user passwords. These types of attacks can be very time-consuming, but they can also be extremely effective if the matrices have been configured properly and contain enough combinations to effectively crack the most common passwords. Other methods for carrying out password attacks include social engineering, network sniffing, and dictionary attacks. While brute force attacks are generally considered less sophisticated than some other methods for cracking passwords, they remain an important threat to online security.

There are several different factors that make brute force password attacks so effective. One major factor is the sheer number of possibilities that attackers have when trying to guess a given password; with enough computing power, all possible combinations can eventually be tried. Another important factor is the fact that many people choose passwords that are simple and easy to remember, which makes them easier for computers to guess. Finally, some brute force attacks make use of “rainbow tables”, which are databases of pre-computed hashes of common words and phrases. These tables can significantly speed up the process of guessing passwords, as they allow attackers to bypass the hashing step entirely.

Despite their effectiveness, there are several ways to defend against brute force password attacks. One major defense is to simply use strong passwords that are difficult to guess. Another defense is to rate-limit login attempts so that even if an attacker knows a correct password, they will not be able to use it repeatedly. Finally, some systems make use of two-factor authentication that requires both a password and a physical access token such as an RSA key fob. While these security measures cannot completely prevent brute force attacks, they can significantly mitigate their impact and make them much less successful.

In short, brute force attacks are a type of password attack that uses preconfigured matrices of hashed dictionary words to guess user passwords. These types of attacks can be very effective, but there are several ways to defend against them, including choosing strong passwords, limiting login attempts, and using two-factor authentication. Ultimately, the best defense is a combination of all three methods for deterring brute force attacks and other forms of online security threats.